Syntax in SQL

The main issue is that SQL is case insensitive, meaning that in SQL statements, SELECT and select are of the same significance. Instead, MySQL differs in the names of the tables. Then you must supply table names as they exist in a database if you operate with MySQL.

Various Syntax in SQL

All the examples given in this tutorial have been tested with a MySQL server.

SQL SELECT Statement

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name;

SQL DISTINCT Clause

SELECT DISTINCT column1,....columnN FROM table_name;

SQL WHERE Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION;

SQL AND/OR Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQL IN Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQL BETWEEN Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQL LIKE Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQL ORDER BY Clause

SELECT column1,....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQL GROUP BY Clause

SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION GROUP BY column_name;

SQL COUNT Clause

SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION;

SQL HAVING Clause

SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION GROUP BY column_name HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

CREATE TABLE table_name( column1 datatype, ..... columnN datatype, PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns ) );

SQL DROP TABLE Statement

DROP TABLE table_name;

SQL CREATE INDEX Statement

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQL DROP INDEX Statement

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name;

SQL DESC Statement

DESC table_name;

SQL TRUNCATE TABLE Statement

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

SQL ALTER TABLE Statement

ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} column_name {data_ype};

SQL ALTER TABLE Statement (Rename)

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQL INSERT INTO Statement

INSERT INTO table_name( column1,....columnN) VALUES ( value1,....valueN);

SQL UPDATE Statement

UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN [ WHERE CONDITION ];

SQL DELETE Statement

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE {CONDITION};

SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

SQL USE Statement

USE database_name;

SQL COMMIT Statement

COMMIT;

SQL ROLLBACK Statement

ROLLBACK;